Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is the surgery of heart or great vessels. It is often carried out to treat complications of ischemic heart disease; to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease due to various causes, which include endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Other surgeries include Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery, Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs), heart transplantation and much more.

The supply of blood to the heart is affected during Ischemic Heart Disease or Coronary Artery Disease. In this condition, the blood vessels are narrowed or blocked because of the accumulation of cholesterol in their walls. This limits the supply of oxygen and supplements to the heart muscles, essential for proper functioning of the heart which may eventually result in a heart attack.

Congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart, which is present at birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect which can involve the walls of the heart, the valves of the heart, and the arteries and veins near the heart. They can disrupt the normal flow of blood through the heart which can slow down the blood flow, go in the wrong direction or to the wrong place, or be blocked completely.

Valvular heart disease involves disease of one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valveson the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right). The main factors for these conditions are largely as a consequence of aging, but may also be the result of congenital  abnormalities or specific disease including rheumatic heart disease and pregnancy.

Peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) is a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to the head, organs, and limbs. Fat, cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other substances in the blood make up the plaque. The condition where plaque builds up in the body's arteries is called atherosclerosis. Over time, plaque can harden and narrow the arteries which limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the organs and other parts of the body.

Heart is hard at work as it the pumps blood and nutrients throughout the body. Sometimes heart beats at a steady pace. It's got an even, reliable rhythm that's controlled by body's own electrical system.when that system has issues, though, you get a change in your heart's rhythm that's called Arrythymia. If you have an arrhythmia, it doesn't necessarily mean you've got heart disease. There are many things that can cause heart to become flutter.

Heart Disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, is a condition that happens when the heart muscle becomes weakened. The primary heart muscle is extended and widened in this condition which results into heart disease. The weakened muscle suppresses heart's capability to pump blood and may prompt heart disappointment. Coronary heart disease can lead to heart failure by weakening the heart muscle over time.

Diabetic heart disease (DHD) refers to a heart disease that develops in people with diabetes. People with diabetes are more likely to have certain conditions, or risk factors, that increase the chances of having heart disease or stroke, such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Obesity is another major reason behind heart disease. This is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease and increased morbidity and mortality.

Hypertension is a heart disease refers to the heart conditions caused by high blood pressure. The heart working under increased pressure causes some of the different heart disorders. Hypertensive heart disease includes heart failure, thickening of the heart muscle, coronary artery disease, and other conditions. Hypertensive heart disease can cause serious health problems. It’s the leading cause of death from high blood pressure.

Nuclear cardiology studies involve noninvasive techniques to assess myocardial blood flow, check the pumping function of the heart and visualize the size and location of a heart attack. Myocardial perfusion imaging is among the most widely used techniques of nuclear cardiology.

Some of the treatments in patients who have been treated for cancer may cause lasting damage to the heart. As a result of chemotherapy or radiation, cardiovascular complications such as premature blockage of arteries of heart, heart rhythm disorders and heart failure may develop. Chemotherapeutic cardiac toxicity is mainly classified into two types: Type 1 chemotherapy-related left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and Type 2 chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity.

Cardiac regeneration mainly aims at repairing heart tissues with the help of stem cell technology. Many tools have been manufactured to repair and restore the damaged tissues of the heart and various heart therapeutics have been discovered to make a healthy heart. The researchers are focussing on Regeneration of Heart to develop new therapies to cure various heart diseases.

Cardiac imaging helps in diagnosing heart-related problems. This involves many techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), echocardiography, angiography, Computed Tomography (CT), and single photon emission computed tomography.  It is one of the most advanced techniques for the treatment of heart and related diseases.

Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle is not in the usual normal state. Dilated, Hypertrophic and Restrictive cardiomyopathies are the main types of cardiomyopathies. This condition makes it harder for the heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of the body. Coronary heart diseases can lead to heart failure by weakening the heart muscle over time. The term heart failure doesn't mean that the heart has stopped or is about to stop working. It is a serious condition which requires medical assistance and supervision.

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter, a small, flexible tube, based treatment to repair damaged or weakened vessels, narrowed arteries, or other affected parts of the heart structure. A large number of procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. The main advantage of using the interventional cardiology approach is that its avoids scars, pain, and long post-operative recovery. Additionally, interventional cardiology procedure of primary angioplasty is now the gold standard of care for an acute myocardial infarction